Present, Past & Future (काल: वर्तमान, भूतकाल और भविष्यकाल)

 

📘 Chapter: Tense – Present, Past & Future (काल: वर्तमान, भूतकाल और भविष्यकाल)

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✅ What is Tense? (Tense क्या होता है?)

👉 Tense is the form of a verb that shows the time of action.
👉 Tense यह बताता है कि कोई कार्य कब हुआ – वर्तमान में, भूतकाल में या भविष्य में।

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⏳ 3 Main Types of Tense (तीन प्रकार के Tense):

Tense Name	Hindi	Use	Example
Present Tense	वर्तमान काल	अभी हो रहा है	I eat food. – मैं खाना खाता हूँ।
Past Tense	भूतकाल	पहले हो चुका है	I ate food. – मैंने खाना खाया।
Future Tense	भविष्यकाल	आगे होगा	I will eat food. – मैं खाना खाऊँगा।

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🔍 Each Tense has 4 Forms:

Tense	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	I eat.	I am eating.	I have eaten.	I have been eating.
Past	I ate.	I was eating.	I had eaten.	I had been eating.
Future	I will eat.	I will be eating.	I will have eaten.	I will have been eating.

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🟢 1. Present Tense (वर्तमान काल)

Type	Structure	Example	Hindi
Simple Present	Subject + V1	I play.	मैं खेलता हूँ।
Present Continuous	Subject + is/am/are + V1+ing	I am playing.	मैं खेल रहा हूँ।
Present Perfect	Subject + has/have + V3	I have played.	मैं खेल चुका हूँ।
Present Perfect Continuous	Subject + has/have been + V1+ing	I have been playing.	मैं खेल रहा हूँ (कुछ समय से)।

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🔴 2. Past Tense (भूतकाल)

Type	Structure	Example	Hindi
Simple Past	Subject + V2	I played.	मैंने खेला।
Past Continuous	Subject + was/were + V1+ing	I was playing.	मैं खेल रहा था।
Past Perfect	Subject + had + V3	I had played.	मैंने खेल लिया था।
Past Perfect Continuous	Subject + had been + V1+ing	I had been playing.	मैं खेल रहा था (काफ़ी समय से)।

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🔵 3. Future Tense (भविष्यकाल)

Type	Structure	Example	Hindi
Simple Future	Subject + will + V1	I will play.	मैं खेलूँगा।
Future Continuous	Subject + will be + V1+ing	I will be playing.	मैं खेल रहा होऊँगा।
Future Perfect	Subject + will have + V3	I will have played.	मैं खेल चुका होऊँगा।
Future Perfect Continuous	Subject + will have been + V1+ing	I will have been playing.	मैं खेलता आ रहा होऊँगा।

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🗣️ Real-Life Examples (Daily Spoken Style):

Present:

·         I go to school every day. – मैं रोज़ स्कूल जाता हूँ।

·         She is reading a book. – वह किताब पढ़ रही है।

Past:

·         We watched a movie yesterday. – हमने कल फिल्म देखी।

·         He was working late. – वह देर तक काम कर रहा था।

Future:

·         I will call you tomorrow. – मैं तुम्हें कल कॉल करूँगा।

·         They will be arriving soon. – वे जल्द पहुँचने वाले हैं।

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📚 Bonus Tip: How to Identify Tense in Hindi

Hindi Ending	Tense
रहा हूँ, रही है	Present Continuous
चुका हूँ, चुका है	Present Perfect
रहा था, रही थी	Past Continuous
गया था, चुकी थी	Past Perfect
जाएगा, जाएगी	Future Simple
रहा होगा	Future Continuous

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📝 Practice Exercise:

Match the sentence to the correct tense:

1.      I am eating lunch.

2.      He will go to the market.

3.      We had finished the work.

4.      She writes poems.

5.      They were playing outside.

✍️ Answers:

1.      Present Continuous

2.      Simple Future

3.      Past Perfect

4.      Simple Present

5.      Past Continuous

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📘 Summary Chart (Visual Table)

Tense	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	I eat	I am eating	I have eaten	I have been eating
Past	I ate	I was eating	I had eaten	I had been eating
Future	I will eat	I will be eating	I will have eaten	I will have been eating

 

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